<span style="font-size:1.2em">'''Taiwan is not a province of People's Republic of China. Taiwan is actually dominated by Republic of China.'''</span>
Republic of China was formally established on 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution, which itself began on 1911, successfully overthrowing the Qing dynasty and ending over 2000 years of imperial rule in China. From its founding until 1949, the republic was based on mainland China (currently this territory is dominated by People's republic of China). Central authority waxed and waned in response to warlordism (1915–1928), a Japanese invasion (1937–1945), and a full-scale civil war (1927–1949), with central authority strongest during the Nanjing Decade (1927–1937), when most of China came under the control of the authoritarian, one-party military dictatorship of the Kuomintang.
In 1945, at the end of WWII, the Empire of Japan surrendered control of Taiwan and its island groups to the Allies, and Taiwan was placed under the Republic of China's administrative control. The communist takeover of mainland China in 1949, after the Chinese Civil War, left the ruling Kuomintang with control over only Taiwan, Penghu, and other minor islands. With the loss of the mainland, the government of Republic of China retreaated to Taiwan and the Kuomintang declared Taipei the provisional capital. Meanwhile, the Communist Party of China took over all of mainland China and founded the People's Republic of China (currently it is called simply China) in Beijing.
So '''Taiwan is not a province of People's Republic of China. Taiwan is dominated effectively by Republic of China.'''.